![]() ![]() Limp vellum or limp-parchment bindings was used frequently in the 16th and 17th centuries, and were sometimes gilt. Old master prints were sometimes printed on vellum, especially for presentation copies, until at least the seventeenth century. In art, vellum was used for paintings, especially if they needed to be sent long distances, before canvas became widely used in about 1500, and continued to be used for drawings, and watercolours. Paper was used for most book-printing at the time. Some Buddhist texts were written on vellum, and all Sifrei Torah texts are written on vellum or something similar.Ī quarter of the 180 copy edition of Johannes Gutenberg's first Bible printed in 1455 was also printed on vellum, presumably because his costumers expected this for a high-quality book. ![]() Most of the best sort of medieval manuscripts were written on vellum. It can be hard to identify the animal used to make old vellum without using a science lab.įrench sources defined velum (or velin in French) as made from calves only. The very best vellum was made from unborn animals. Calves, sheep, goat and even camel are known to have been used to make vellum. In ancient Europe, vellum meant good quality prepared animal skin. Modern "paper vellum" (sometimes called vegetable vellum) is made out of synthetic material instead of mammal skin, but is used for the same purpose as normal vellum. A final finish is got by rubbing the surface with pumice, and treating it with lime or chalk. When vellum is scraped, it is by turns wet and dry to create tension. To manufacture vellum, the skin is cleaned, then bleached, stretched on a frame called a "herse", and scraped with a knife. The vellum was used for single pages, scrolls, codices or books. It continued to be used for high-status documents. It was one of the standard writing surfaces used in Europe before paper became available. Like parchment, the skin is prepared to take writing in ink. Originally, it meant calf skin, but in English the term is used more widely. Vellum is a high-quality form of parchment. The Voynich manuscript, written on vellum ![]()
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